Plant |
Approximate Weeks to Plant Before Last Frost Date
|
Days to Germination
|
Min. Temperature (oF)
|
Light/Dark Requirement
|
Abelmoschus
|
8
|
10-30
|
70
|
Dark
|
African Daisy
|
6-8
|
10-15
|
60
|
Dark
|
Ageratum
|
8
|
5 to 10
|
70
|
Light
|
Alyssum
|
8
|
5 to 10
|
70
|
Either
|
Amaranthus
|
6-8
|
10-15
|
70
|
Dark
|
Amsonia
|
8-10
|
28-42
|
55
|
Dark
|
Anemone
|
2-3
|
15-180‼
|
60
|
Dark
|
Asarina
|
10-12
|
9-21
|
60
|
Light
|
Aster (Annual)
|
6
|
5 to 10
|
70
|
Either
|
Aubrieta
|
6-8
|
14-21
|
65
|
Light
|
Balloon Vine
|
6-8
|
21-30
|
65
|
Dark
|
Balsam
|
6
|
5 to 10
|
70
|
Either
|
Basil
|
4-6
|
8-14
|
55
|
Light
|
Bean
|
4-6
|
4-5
|
60
|
Dark
|
Bee Balm
|
8-10
|
10-40
|
60
|
Dark
|
Begonia
|
12 or more
|
10 to 15
|
70
|
Light
|
Belamcanda
|
8-10
|
14-60‼
|
65
|
Dark
|
Bergenia
|
6-8
|
15-180‼
|
60
|
Light
|
Black Eyed Susan
|
10
|
7-14
|
70
|
Either
|
Bloodroot
|
8-10
|
30-90
|
50
|
Dark
|
Boltonia
|
6-8
|
14-21
|
60
|
Dark
|
Broccoli
|
8
|
5 to 10
|
70
|
Either
|
Browallia
|
12 or more
|
15 to 20
|
70
|
Light
|
Brugmansia
|
12
|
21-60
|
68
|
Dark
|
Brunnera
|
8-10
|
30-90‼
|
55
|
Dark
|
Bunny Tail Grass
|
6-8
|
15-21
|
55
|
Dark
|
Butterwort
|
8-10
|
30-130
|
55
|
Light
|
Cabbage
|
8
|
5 to 10
|
70
|
Either
|
Calendula
|
6-8
|
6-14
|
70
|
Dark
|
California Poppy
|
2-3
|
14-21
|
60
|
Dark
|
Campanula
|
8-10
|
14-28
|
60
|
Light
|
Candylily
|
8-10
|
15‼
|
70
|
Either
|
Candytuft (Annual)
|
6-8
|
10-20
|
70
|
Dark
|
Candytuft (Perennial)
|
6-8
|
10-60
|
55
|
Dark
|
Canna
|
2-3
|
21-365☼
|
70
|
Dark
|
Cantaloupe
|
2-3
|
3-12
|
60
|
Dark
|
Catchfly
|
8-10
|
21-30‼
|
70
|
Light
|
Catmint
|
8-10
|
7-21
|
60
|
Either
|
Cauliflower
|
8
|
5 to 10
|
70
|
Either
|
Celosia
|
8
|
5 to 10
|
70
|
Either
|
Centurea
|
6
|
5 to 10
|
65
|
Dark
|
Chilean Bellflower
|
4-6
|
7-30
|
60
|
Either
|
Chrysanthemum (Annual)
|
6-8
|
10-13
|
60
|
Either
|
Chrysanthemum (Perennial)
|
6-8
|
7-28
|
60
|
Light
|
Clarkia
|
6-8
|
5-21
|
55
|
Light
|
Clematis
|
3
|
30-365‼
|
70
|
Either
|
Cleome
|
6-8
|
10-14
|
70
|
Light
|
Coleus
|
8
|
5 to 10
|
65
|
Light
|
Columbine
|
2-3
|
30-90‼
|
65
|
Light
|
Coneflower (Echinacea)
|
8-10
|
10-21
|
70
|
Dark
|
Convolvulus
|
5-6
|
5-14
|
70
|
Dark
|
Coral Pea
|
8-10
|
30-90
|
55
|
Dark
|
Coreopsis (Annual)
|
6-8
|
5-25
|
55
|
Light
|
Coreopsis (Perennial)
|
8-10
|
5-25
|
55
|
Light
|
Cosmos
|
4 or less
|
5 to 10
|
70
|
Either
|
Creeping Zinnia
|
6-7
|
7-10
|
70
|
Dark
|
Crocosmia
|
6-8
|
30-90
|
55
|
Dark
|
Cucumber
|
4 or less
|
5 to 10
|
85
|
Either
|
Cupid’s Dart
|
6-8
|
20-25
|
65
|
Dark
|
Dahlberg Daisy
|
8
|
14
|
65
|
Light
|
Dahlia
|
8
|
5 to 10
|
70
|
Either
|
Daylily
|
8-10
|
15-49
|
60
|
Dark
|
Delphinium
|
8-10
|
14-28
|
50
|
Dark
|
Dianthus (Annual)
|
10
|
5 to 21
|
70
|
Either
|
Dianthus (Perennial)
|
8-10
|
14-21
|
60
|
Either
|
Dill
|
6-8
|
5-14
|
55
|
Dark
|
Edelweiss
|
8-10
|
10-42‼
|
50
|
Light
|
Eggplant
|
8
|
5 to 10
|
70
|
Either
|
Euphorbia (Annual/Biennial)
|
6-8
|
10-28
|
70
|
Dark
|
Euphorbia (Perennial)
|
6-8
|
10-28‼
|
65
|
Dark
|
Eustoma
|
10-12
|
10-21
|
65
|
Light
|
Everlasting Flower
|
6-8
|
5-20
|
65
|
Light
|
Fairy Foxglove
|
6-8
|
20-25
|
65
|
Light
|
False Indigo
|
6-8
|
5-36§
|
70
|
Dark
|
Fennel
|
4-6
|
10-14
|
65
|
Dark
|
Flameflower
|
6
|
21-30
|
60
|
Light
|
Flax
|
6-8
|
20-25
|
65
|
Dark
|
Flax Lily
|
10-12
|
30-180
|
60
|
Dark
|
Floss Flower
|
6-8
|
5-14
|
70
|
Light
|
Flowering Tobacco
|
8
|
10 to 14
|
70
|
Light
|
Four-O’Clock
|
6-8
|
5-7
|
70
|
Dark
|
Foxglove
|
8-10
|
14-21
|
60
|
Light
|
Fuchsia
|
14-18
|
21-120
|
65
|
Light
|
Gaillardia (Annual)
|
4-6
|
7-20
|
70
|
Light
|
Gaillardia (Perennial)
|
6-8
|
15-20
|
70
|
Light
|
Garland Lily
|
6-8
|
20-25
|
70
|
Dark
|
Gaura (Annual)
|
4-6
|
14-30
|
65
|
Either
|
Gaura (Perennial)
|
8-10
|
14-30
|
65
|
Either
|
Gazania
|
6-8
|
8-21
|
60
|
Dark
|
Geranium
|
12 or more
|
10 to 20
|
70
|
Light
|
Gerbera
|
12
|
15-30
|
70
|
Light
|
Geum
|
8-10
|
21-28
|
65
|
Dark
|
Globe Thistle
|
2-3
|
15-60
|
65
|
Either
|
Gomphrena
|
7-8
|
14
|
70
|
Either
|
Gunnera
|
6-8
|
14-60
|
60
|
Dark
|
Gypsophila (Annual)
|
6-8
|
14-60
|
60
|
Either
|
Gypsophila (Perennial)
|
8-10
|
14-60
|
60
|
Either
|
Hacquetia
|
10-12
|
30-180‼
|
55
|
Light
|
Helenium
|
6-8
|
15-20
|
70
|
Light
|
Helianthemum
|
6-8
|
15-20
|
70
|
Light
|
Heliopsis
|
8-10
|
10-15
|
70
|
Dark
|
Heliotrope
|
10-12
|
2-42
|
70
|
Dark
|
Helleborus
|
3
|
1-18 months‼
|
60
|
Dark
|
Hepatica
|
12-14
|
30-360‼
|
50
|
Dark
|
Hollyhock
|
6-8
|
10-14
|
60
|
Light
|
Hosta
|
6-8
|
15-90
|
50
|
Dark
|
Hyssop
|
8-10
|
14-42
|
60
|
Either
|
Ice Plant
|
6
|
10-40
|
65
|
Light
|
Impatiens
|
10
|
15 to 20
|
70
|
Light
|
Inula
|
6-8
|
14-42
|
55
|
Either
|
Jasione
|
8-10
|
10-25
|
70
|
Either
|
Kaffir Lily
|
8-10
|
30-90
|
55
|
Dark
|
Knautia
|
4-6
|
10-30
|
65
|
Light
|
Lablab
|
6-8
|
3-30§
|
70
|
Dark
|
Lagerstroemia
|
6-8
|
14-21
|
70
|
Light
|
Lamium
|
8-10
|
30-60
|
65
|
Either
|
Lampranthus
|
6-8
|
15-30
|
65
|
Either
|
Lantana
|
6-8
|
30-90
|
70
|
Dark
|
Larkspur
|
6-8
|
14-21‼
|
55
|
Dark
|
Lavender
|
6-8
|
15-90‼
|
60
|
Dark
|
Layia
|
6-8
|
8-36
|
70
|
Dark
|
Leonotis
|
8-10
|
10-21
|
60
|
Light
|
Leopard’s Bane
|
8-10
|
15-20
|
70
|
Light
|
Lettuce
|
8
|
5 to 10
|
70
|
Light
|
Lewisia
|
10-12
|
1-2 years‼
|
55
|
Light
|
Liatris
|
6-8
|
20-25
|
55
|
Either
|
Ligularia
|
6-8
|
14-42
|
60
|
Light
|
Lily
|
2-3 months
|
1-8 months‼
|
70
|
Dark
|
Lily of the Altai
|
8-10
|
30-90
|
50
|
Dark
|
Lilyturf
|
6-8
|
30§
|
65
|
Dark
|
Lilyturf
|
6-8
|
30-42§
|
65
|
Dark
|
Linaria
|
6-8
|
10-15‼
|
55
|
Either
|
Lisianthus (Eustoma)
|
14
|
10-14
|
75
|
Light
|
Lobelia (Annual)
|
6-8
|
15-21
|
65
|
Light
|
Lobelia (Perennial)
|
8-10
|
15-21‼
|
65
|
Light
|
Loosestrife (Lythrum)
|
6-8
|
5-30
|
65
|
Either
|
Luffa
|
3-4
|
8-28§
|
70
|
Dark
|
Lunaria
|
6-8
|
10-14
|
70
|
Dark
|
Lungwort
|
7-9
|
30-42
|
60
|
Either
|
Lupine
|
6-8
|
14-60☼
|
55
|
Dark
|
Malope
|
4-6
|
15-20‼
|
65
|
Either
|
Malva
|
6-8
|
5-21
|
70
|
Dark
|
Mandevilla
|
6-8
|
14-30
|
65
|
Dark
|
Marigold
|
6
|
5 to 10
|
70
|
Either
|
Marjoram
|
6-8
|
10
|
55
|
Either
|
Matthiola
|
6-8
|
3-20
|
60
|
Light
|
Meadowsweet
|
8-10
|
30-90
|
55
|
Either
|
Melissa
|
8-10
|
14-21
|
70
|
Light
|
Mignonette
|
6-8
|
5-21
|
70
|
Light
|
Milkweed (Hardy Perennial)
|
8-10
|
30-90‼
|
50
|
Dark
|
Milkweed (Tender Perennial)
|
8-10
|
7-35
|
50
|
Dark
|
Moluccella
|
8-10
|
8-35‼
|
60
|
Light
|
Monkey Flower
|
10-12
|
7-21‼
|
70
|
Light
|
Morning Glory
|
3-4
|
5-21§
|
70
|
Dark
|
Muskmelon
|
4 or less
|
5 to 10
|
85
|
Either
|
Myosotis
|
8-10
|
8-30
|
65
|
Light
|
Nasturtium
|
5-6
|
10-14
|
65
|
Dark
|
Navelwort
|
10-12
|
14-42
|
65
|
Dark
|
Nemesia
|
8-10
|
5-21
|
60
|
Light
|
Nicotiana
|
8
|
10 to 15
|
70
|
Light
|
Nigella
|
6-8
|
8-158
|
65
|
Either
|
Nippon Daisy
|
6-8
|
7-28
|
60
|
Light
|
Obedient Plant
|
8-10
|
15-30
|
60
|
Either
|
Oenothera
|
8-10
|
5-30
|
65
|
Either
|
Onosma
|
10-12
|
30-60
|
50
|
Either
|
Oregano
|
6-8
|
8-12
|
60
|
Either
|
Painted Tongue
|
8-10
|
8-30
|
70
|
Dark
|
Pampas Grass
|
8-10
|
14-21
|
60
|
Light
|
Passiflora
|
8
|
30-365§
|
70
|
Dark
|
Pearlwort
|
6-8
|
10-25
|
55
|
Either
|
Pennisetum
|
6-8
|
15-20
|
70
|
Either
|
Penstemon
|
8-10
|
18-36
|
55
|
Light
|
Pentas
|
8-10
|
7-40
|
60
|
Light
|
Pepper
|
8
|
5 to 10
|
80
|
Either
|
Perilla
|
10-12
|
15-30
|
65
|
Light
|
Peruvian Lily
|
8-10
|
15-365§
|
65
|
Dark
|
Petunia
|
10
|
5 to 10
|
70
|
Light
|
Phlomis
|
8-10
|
14-42
|
60
|
Either
|
Phlox (Annual)
|
8
|
5 to 10
|
65
|
Dark
|
Pitcher plant
|
8-10
|
30-90‼
|
65
|
Light
|
Platycodon
|
6-8
|
15-30
|
70
|
Light
|
Plectranthus
|
8-10
|
14-35
|
65
|
Either
|
Plumbago
|
10-12
|
30-90‼
|
60
|
Dark
|
Polemonium
|
8-10
|
20-25
|
70
|
Dark
|
Polka-dot Plant
|
8-10
|
7-21
|
65
|
Either
|
Poor Man’s orchid
|
8-10
|
7-20
|
60
|
Dark
|
Poppy (Annual)
|
6-8
|
20
|
70
|
Either
|
Poppy (Perennial)
|
6-8
|
10-30
|
55
|
Light
|
Portulaca
|
10
|
5 to 10‼
|
70
|
Dark
|
Potentilla
|
8-10
|
14-30
|
65
|
Dark
|
Primula
|
8-10
|
10-40‼
|
60
|
Light
|
Prunella
|
8-10
|
30-60
|
55
|
Either
|
Ragwort
|
6-8
|
10-21
|
65
|
Light
|
Ratibida
|
4-6
|
7-42‼
|
70
|
Dark
|
Red Hot Poker
|
6-8
|
10-30
|
70
|
Dark
|
Ring Bellflower
|
5-6
|
10-30
|
60
|
Light
|
Rodgersia
|
6-8
|
12-60
|
55
|
Surface
|
Rudbeckia
|
6-8
|
5-21‼
|
70
|
Light
|
Ruellia
|
8-10
|
30-60
|
65
|
Either
|
Rumex
|
4
|
7-10
|
65
|
Dark
|
Salvia farinacea
|
8-9
|
10-14
|
70
|
Light
|
Salvia splendens
|
8
|
10-14
|
70
|
Light
|
Sandersonia
|
8-10
|
30-90§
|
75
|
Dark
|
Sandwort
|
6-8
|
8-30
|
68
|
Light
|
Scilla (Squill)
|
2-3
|
30-180‼
|
50
|
Dark
|
Sea Holly
|
2-3
|
5-90‼
|
65
|
Light
|
Shoofly
|
6-8
|
15-20
|
60
|
Either
|
Sidalcea
|
6-8
|
14-42
|
50
|
Dark
|
Sleepy Daisy
|
6-8
|
25-30
|
70
|
Dark
|
Slipperwort
|
10-12
|
14-21
|
55
|
Light
|
Snapdragon
|
10
|
5 to 10
|
65
|
Light
|
Solenopsis
|
8-10
|
10-60
|
60
|
Light
|
South African Daisy
|
6-8
|
7-21
|
60
|
Dark
|
Sparaxis
|
8-10
|
30-90
|
50
|
Dark
|
Spiderwort
|
6-8
|
10-40
|
70
|
Dark
|
Squash
|
4 or less
|
5 to 10
|
85
|
Either
|
St. John’s Wort
|
8-10
|
20-90
|
50
|
Dark
|
Statice (Annual)
|
8-10
|
7-10
|
70
|
Either
|
Stipa
|
6-8
|
21-30
|
70
|
Dark
|
Stock
|
10
|
10 to 15
|
70
|
Either
|
Stoke’s Aster
|
8-10
|
20-30
|
70
|
Dark
|
Strawflower
|
6-8
|
7-10
|
70
|
Either
|
Sunflower
|
3-4
|
5-7
|
70
|
Dark
|
Swan River Daisy
|
6-8
|
10-21
|
65
|
Dark
|
Sweet Cicely
|
8-10
|
14-42‼
|
55
|
Dark
|
Sweet Pea (annual)
|
6-8
|
10-20☼
|
60
|
Dark
|
Sweet Pea (Perennial)
|
6-8
|
20-30☼
|
60
|
Dark
|
Sweet William
|
6-10
|
10
|
70
|
Dark
|
Tagetes
|
6-8
|
4-14
|
70
|
Dark
|
Tanacetum
|
6-8
|
7-30‼
|
60
|
Light
|
Thrift
|
8-10
|
10-21
|
60
|
Dark
|
Throatwort
|
8-10
|
15-21
|
55
|
Light
|
Thunbergia
|
6-8
|
10-21
|
65
|
Dark
|
Thyme
|
6-8
|
15-30
|
55
|
Light
|
Tithonia
|
6-8
|
5-14
|
70
|
Light
|
Toad Lily
|
12-14
|
30-90‼
|
65
|
Dark
|
Tomato
|
6
|
5 to 10
|
80
|
Either
|
Tree Mallow
|
6-8
|
15-20
|
70
|
Dark
|
Tree Poppy
|
6-8
|
30‼
|
55
|
Dark
|
Tritonia
|
6-8
|
30-90
|
55
|
Dark
|
Turtlehead
|
6-8
|
14-48
|
55
|
Dark
|
Tweedia
|
6-8
|
10-15
|
70
|
Dark
|
Valerian
|
8
|
21-30
|
60
|
Dark
|
Valerian
|
10-12
|
21-25
|
70
|
Dark
|
Verbascum
|
6-8
|
14-30
|
55
|
Dark
|
Verbena
|
10
|
15 to 20
|
65
|
Dark
|
Veronica
|
8-10
|
15-90
|
60
|
Light
|
Vinca
|
12 or more
|
10 to 15
|
70
|
Either
|
Viola (Annual)
|
10-12
|
14
|
65
|
Dark
|
Viola (Perennial)
|
8-10
|
10-21‼
|
65
|
Dark
|
Watermelon
|
4 or less
|
5 to 10
|
85
|
Either
|
Wax Begonia
|
10-12
|
14
|
70
|
Light
|
Wishbone Flower
|
6-8
|
7-30
|
70
|
Light
|
Wisteria
|
6-8
|
30-35☼§
|
55
|
Dark
|
Woundwort (Stachys)
|
8-10
|
15-30
|
70
|
Dark
|
Xeranthemum
|
2-3
|
10-15
|
70
|
Dark
|
Yarrow
|
8-10
|
10-100
|
60
|
Light
|
Zinnia
|
6
|
5 to 10
|
70
|
Either
|
Source: Various resources including North Carolina State University, Iowa State University and The Gardener’s A-Z Guide to Growing Flowers from Seed to Bloom written by Eileen Powell
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